MBBS CURRICULUM

IN PROPOSED

COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

FACULTY OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES

Department of Anatomy

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Department of Human Physiology

FACULTY OF CLINICAL SCIENCES

Department of Pathology

Department of Haematology

Department of Medical Microbiology

Department of Chemical Pathology

Department of Pharmacology

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Department of Paediatrics

Department of Medical Education

Department of Community Health

Department of Psychiatry

Department of Medicine

Department of Radiology

Department of Anaesthesia

Department of Ophthalmology

Department of ENT

Department of Orthopaedic surgery and Traumatology

Department of Surgery

COLLEGE MEDICAL PROGRAMME OVERVIEW

 The Jos University College of Medical Sciences seeks to be the best in the country. Teaching is revolutionary with the use of internet in class rooms, computer network using power point and other programs for providing visually sensitive class materials for the class room. The advantage includes the use of video senders to send to multiple monitors (TVs) within a classroom and also senders for use by teachers outside the classroom. Equally useful are the LCD digital projectors with increased visualisability, but the sound process in sophisticated television sets is superior to those of non-audio digital projectors. Videoconferencing also allows the classroom to enter the web.  Surgical procedures are equally placed on video sending televisions around the hospital where surgical students and resident doctors can watch procedure a distance away.

Electronic learning abounds with so many home made CDs, VCDs, and DVDs. They are all available on internet just as the lectures from the departments (especially anatomy) are placed on the web for easy access by our students anywhere in the world. This allows us to teach much more number of students than we can normally teach and helps self instructional learning on the part of the student.

With such access to internet, we can also and we do provide students’ assessment on the web. This reduces the amount of time used by teachers to provide constant or continuous assessments and normal assessment can be multiplied 10 times more than the normal frequency. Also, the system can keep the students busy on the web even during their holiday.

Equally important in the curriculum of the College is the use of modern areas of study such as recombinant DNA/genetic engineering. We also have robust programme for studying reproductive technologies, molecular embryology and medicine to prepare the student for 21th century practice. With such stupendous interest in information technology today, a special department of Medical Education (to include Medical Informatics) is available (the first in Nigeria) with the responsibility of teaching Computer applications in the Health Sciences.
TIME TABLES

200 Level TIMETABLE

300Level

CLINICAL COURSES TIMETABLE

* 3^rd Professional MB, ** 4^th Professional MB, *** 5^th and final Professional Examinations

CALENDAR

Methods of instructions

The traditional methods include

Ø  Lectures and seminars

Ø  Tutorials

Ø  Practical session

Ø  Clinical sessions on patient, theatre and ward rounds

Ø  Use of self instructional materials such as videos, audio cassettes etc

Faculty has adopted three other modern  methods of instructions to their students aside from the above

Ø  Electronic learning

Ø  Cyber learning

Ø  Problem based learning for difficult and topical but state-of-the-art areas

Ø  Website for electronic teaching is www.unijosmedicine.org

PREMED

100 LEVEL

Second semester

Course description for 100 Level

BIO     101      GENERAL BIOLOGY I:     4 units

Cell structure and organization, functions of cellular organelles, diversity, characteristics and classification of living things, general reproduction, interrelationship of organisms; heredity and evolution; elements of ecology and types of habitat.          

BIO     102      GENERAL BIOLOGY II   4 units

A general survey of the plant and animal kingdoms based mainly on the study of similarities and difference in the external features; ecological adaptation of these forms.                                                               

BIO 104        GENETICS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

(1)   Genetics and its scope. Application and implications of genetics (in agriculture, ecology, genetic engineering, medicine).

(2)   Mendel’s laws of inheritance, extension of Mendel’s laws

(3)   Physical and chemical basis of inheritance.

(4)   Man as an object of genetic expression

§  The pedigree blood group, human karyotype, sex determination (sex linked inheritance).

(5)   Modification of Classical Mendelian ratios, interaction in phenotypic expression, test cross, progeny test, backcross, partial dominance, lethal genes, linkages etc.

(6)   Heredity and environment, the gene environment, the organism’s environment.

(7)   Monozygotic and dizygotic twins, environmental interactions, epistaxis and pleitropy, phenotypic expression.

(8)   Probability and chi-square, application of statistical techniques, observations and theories. Test of goodness of fit. Contingency test.

(9)   Quantitative and multiple allelic inheritance

(10)      Sex Development, sex-linkage and sex abnormalities in man.

(11)      Mutation, physical and chemical basis of mutation; importance of mutation in evolution.

BIO       105        PRACTICAL BIOLOGY   3 units                                                                 

BOT 103     BASIC MICROBIOLOGY   2 units

The origins of microbiology and the chemical basis of microbial life. The principles of microscopy, eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Introuction to various fungal, algae and protozoa classes. Viruses-structure, properties and aspects of classification with other methods. Actinomycetes- general consideration and their relationship with other microorganisms. Yeasts- general consideration, culture media and the methods of cultivation of the various microorganisms.

ZOO 102  COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY

Diagnostic features of vertebrates, Aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates; features of adaptation. Skeletal organization and integument; connective tissue, the muscular and blood vascular systems, the alimentary and excretory systems, the nervous system and sense organs; and the reproductive system.

CHM  101      PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I

Atoms, molecules and chemical reactions; chemical equations and stoichiometry; atomic structure and periodicity, modern electronic theory of atoms; radioactivity; chemical bonding; properties of gases; equilibria and thermodynamics; chemical kinetics; electrochemistry, thermochemistry.                                     

CHM  102      ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Historical survey of the development and importance of organic chemistry. Nomenclature and classes of organic compounds; homologous series. The carbon atom and bonding, structural and optical isomerisms, functional groups, conformation, alkanes, alcohols, amines, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid derivatives, amino acids, benzene compounds and phenols. Determination of structure of organic compounds; electronic theory in organic chemistry. Preparation, isolation and purification of organic compounds; qualitative and quantitative analysis of organics compounds.       

CHM    103        PRACTICAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY                                                   

CHM    104        PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY                                                     

CHM 105      INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Periodic table and periodicity of elements. Chemistry of hydrogen, study of the groups I and II metals; oxides, hydroxides, halides and aqueous chemistry. Valency forces, structure of solids. Characteristics of the first row transition metals; oxidation state, redox reactions and complexes. Chemistry of iron and copper. Study of the group VII elements and basic chemistry of nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen and sulphur. Hydrides, oxides, oxo-acids and oxo-anions of the non-metallic elements. Elementary qualitative and quantitative analysis.        

CHM    106        PRACTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I                                              

PHY    101      GENERAL PHYSICS I

Space and Time. Frames of reference. Units and dimensions. Kinematics; Fundamental laws of mechanics, Statics and dynamics: Galilean invariance; universal gravitation; work and energy; rotational dynamics and angular momentum; conservative laws.                                                                                                      

PHY    102      GENERAL PHYSICS II

Electrostatics, conductors and currents; dielectric; magnetic fields and induction: Maxwell’s equation: electromagnetic oscillations and waves; applications.                                                                   

PHY    103      GENERAL PHYSICS III

Molecular treatment of the properties of matter: Electricity; Hooke’s law: Young’s shear and bulk moduli; hydrostatics: Pressure: Buoyancy; Archimedes’ principle. Hydrodynamics: streamlines: Bernoullis and continuity equations; turbulence; Reynold’s number: Viscocity; laminar flow; Poiseuille’s equation. Surface tension; adhesion, cohesional capillarity; drops and bubbles. Temperature; the zeroth law of thermodynamics; heat gas laws; laws of thermodynamics; kinetic theory of gases; applications.                                                                 2

PHY     104        BASIC PRACTICAL PHYSICS                                                                   

MTH   101      ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I: ALGEBRA AND TRIGONOMETRY

Elementary set theory, subsets, union, intersection, complements, venn diagrams, real numbers, integers, rational and irrational numbers, mathematical induction, real sequences and series, theory of quadratic equations, binomial theorem. Complex numbers; algebra of complex numbers; the Argand Diagram. De Moivre’s theorem, nth roots of unity. Circular measure, trigonometric function of angles and magnitude, addition and factor formulae. Indices and logarithms, matrices and determinants, partial fractions.                                                              

MTH 103 ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS III. CALCULUS

Function of a real variable, graphs, limits and idea of continuity. The derivation as limit or rate of change. Techniques of differentiation. Extreme curve sketching. Integration as an inverse of differentiation, methods of integration, Definite integrals. Applications to areas, volumes applications to moments of inertia and lengths of arcs.

GST    101      USE OF ENGLISH I

Use of Major English Language Structural Unit in Writing and Speaking

(a) Expression of the idea of Time, Quantity, Possession and Mood in       

            English.

Use of Preposition

(b) Diction.

(c) Structural Units and the Expression of Idea in English

Part II Reading Improvement Course

(a)    Developing a study reading technique.

(b)   Reading for the main idea

(c)    Increasing reading rate

(d)   Varying reading speed depending on purpose

Learning to define words in context

GST      102        PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC                                                                         

GST      103        NIGERIAN PEOPLE AND CULTURE                                                      

GST    104      HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

History and Nature of Science

                        Scientific reasoning, Principles and Laws.

                        Science in Use: technology, past, present and future.

                        Nigeria scientists and their achievements.

                        Resources and environmental issues in Nigerian Development

                        Medical Science and Health Issues in Nigeria

                        Challenges to Science in Nigeria

                        Inculcating scientific attitude

                           Study tour of science department, laboratories and projects                             

FACULTY OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES [200-300 LEVEL]

ANATOMY
BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY

COURSES

200 Level

300 Level

OVERVIEW

The department of anatomy is one of the oldest departments in the faculty.  It has provided students with the general knowledge of the normal structure of the human body with specific emphasis on the applied and clinical aspect of the subject, to equip the student with understanding of the dynamics of diseases and their management. It has taught over the years, medical, pharmacy, medical laboratory science students. It now has a strong BSc (Anatomy) intercalated programme with the first graduate coming out in 2003.

The department has been in the forefront in the application of recent advances in technology and knowledge in the understanding and teaching of this subject using internet, intranet CDs and VCDs/DVDs as media for electronic learning. Its special website has University of Jos Human Anatomy Lecture Series free to the entire world  at http://anatomyjos.tripod.com

It is our belief that the student will avail him/ her self with the various facilities and staff in the department torwards meeting the standards expected of a medical doctor of the 21^st century and beyond.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the courses in anatomy, the student will be able to:

1.   Recognize the normal structure of the human body in terms of the topographic, radiographic including scanning pictures and microanatomy

2.     Describe the embryological development of the human body and explain the origins, effects and management of the malformations, which occurs during development.

3.     Correlate the histological and cytological features of organs with their function in the normal human body, with a view of understanding pathological changes.

4.     Use computer technology to assist in the understanding of the subject and explain the anatomical basis of diseases and their management.

5.     Apply the anatomical knowledge in his/her future professional work.

6.     Apply recent advances in the field of anatomy (molecular genetics, histochemistry and in situ-hybridization histochemistry) in the understanding of structural changes and disease and their management.

TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS

In most university medical schools in the world, anatomy is learnt in two modalities-models/dissections and lectures but in Jos we have more than 6 modalities as follows

1. Lectures given via power point and other electronic media
2. CDs, including CR-ROMs, VCD and DVD-ROMs
3. Cyberlectures (internet)
4. Intranet network lectures
5. Museum prosected parts
6. Dissections

Also teaching modalities include the following

Ø  Lectures and seminars

Ø  Practical dissection sessions with simulated surgeries

Ø  Living anatomy laboratory to study surface anatomy and landmarks

Ø  Clinical demonstrations and Osteology tutorials

Ø  Human Anatomy Museum for prosected parts

Ø  Electronic learning via in-house produced and famous CD-ROMs

Ø  Cyberlearning: internet lectures (all lectures are pasted on the world wide web –departmental URL is http://anatomyjos.tripod.com

Ø  Problem based learning mainly for advanced anatomy class with data base provided from electronic librabries, CD-ROMS and internet.

EVALUATION

The evaluation in anatomy involve

1.             Continuous assessment- this constitute 40% of the main professional exams and involves practical written (essay and MCQ) and oral assessments by internal examiners.

2.             Professional examination.  This is the 2^nd or part II MBBS examination in anatomy.  It also involves, written (Essay and MCQ) and oral assessment by internal and external examiners.

200L MBBS CLASS:

1^st semester

ANA 201: TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF LIMBS (3 CREDITS). 3 hours of lectures per week.

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe all structures in the human upper and lower limb

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, internet

Museum

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical and Electronic)

Content

Cutaneous innervation of upper limb

Pectoral region

Breast

Axilla

Shoulder region

Arm and cubital fossa

Flexor compartment of forearm,

Extensor compartment of forearm

Hand

Applied anatomy of nerves

Blood supply of the upper limb

Cutaneous innervation of lower limb

Femoral triangle

Adductor canal and medial side of the thigh

Gluteal region

Back of the thigh, popliteal fossa

Extensor compartment of the leg and dorsum of the foot

Peroneal and flexor compartment of the leg

Sole of the foot, arches of the foot

Mechanism of walking

Venous and lymphatic drainage of the upper and lower limb

Applied anatomy of nerve and blood supply of lower limb

ANA 202: HISTOLOGY & CYTOLOGY I. (2 CREDIT). I hour of lecture and I hour of practical per week.

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe all structures in the animal cell basic tissues like epithelium, connective tissue, cartilage and bone.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs (histology CDs), Audios and video units, text books, intranet, internet

Museum

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items), Essay, Practical and Electronic

Content:

Introduction to histology

Methods of study in histology

Cell Membrane, current concept

Cellular –organelles 1

Cellular organelles 11

Cellular –organelles 111

Cell dynamics and cell cycle

Cytogenetics 1

Cytogenetics 11

Histochemistry and cytochemistry

Introduction to recombinant DNA

In situ hybridization histochemistry

Cell dynamics and cycle

Epithelium

Connective tissue

Cartilage

Bone

ANA 203:  OSTEOLOGY, DISSECTION OF THE LIMBS/RADIOGRAPHIC & LIVING ANATOMY (4 CREDITS).  9 hours of practical and 1 hour of lecture per week.

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe all bones using eye or X-ray, in the human upper and lower limb to include surface structures in these regions.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, Internet

Museum

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ, Essay, Practical, Electronic

Content

Pectoral region I

Pectoral region II

Axilla

Brachial plexus and its applied anatomy

Axilla/brachial plexus

Shoulder region

Arm and cubital fossa

Front of the forearm and hand

Back of forearm and hand

Deep dissection of forearm and palm

Front of thigh

Gluteal region

Back of thigh and popliteal fossa

Extensor compartment of the leg and dorsum of foot

Peroneal and flexor compartments of leg

Sole of the foot

Revision

Xrays and osteology tutorials

Living anatomy of upper and lower extremities

Clinical examination on upper and lower limbs.

ANA 204: HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY I (1 CREDIT). 1 lecture per week. Practical is self instructional in Embryology museums of the Human Anatomy Museum and on CD-ROMs.

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe all processes in the intrauterine development of the zygote to the fetus and also describe embryogenesis.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, internet

Problem based learning.

Evauation

MCQ (True-False items), Essay, Practical using models, Electronic

Content

Spermatogenesis, oogenesis

Ovarian follicles; ovulation; corpus luteum

Menstruation; uterine cycle; hormonal control of uterine cycle

Fertilisation; cleavage; implantation

Reproductive technologies- IVF/surrogacy/embryo transfer

Embryo manipulation & potency /twinning

Molecular embryology and transgenesis

Gastrulation; notochord, neurulation

Derivatives of the germ layers

Folding of the embryo

Fetal membranes; placenta

Growth & perinatology

Congenital malformations –general introduction

Second semester

ANA 205: TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THORAX AND ABDOMEN (4 CREDITS).

3 lectures and 3 practical per week

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe all structures in the thorax and abdomen.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, internet

Museum

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical and Electronic)

Content

Introduction to the trunk

Thoracic cage

Intercostal space

Thoracic cavity

Pleural cavities

Lungs

Mediastinum, general

Anterior & superior mediastinum

Middle mediastinum - heart and pericardium

Heart  –applied anatomy

Posterior mediastinum

General anatomy of abdomen and abdominal regions

Anterior abdominal wall-muscles

Inguinal canal –inguinal and femoral hernias

Peritoneal cavity and spaces

Abdominal oesophagus,stomach

Duodenum and spleen

Small Intestine

Large intestine; appendix 

Portal venous system; portocaval anastomoses

Liver and gall bladder

Pancreas and biliary apparatus

Kidneys, suprarenals, and ureters

Diaphragm

Posterior abdominal wall-aorta and inferior vena cava

Posterior abdominal wall muscles

Lumbosacral plexus

Bony and ligamentous pelvis

Pelvic diaphragm (floor)

Male reproductive organs

Female reproductive organs

Male and female external genitalia

Perineum

Rectum and anal canal

Pelvic blood vessels

Abdomino-pelvic nervous system

Revision

ANA 206: HISTOLOGY & CYTOLOGY (2 CREDIT). 1 hour of lecture per week with  practical sessions and CDs.

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe all structures in the tissues of bone, muscles, organs and glands.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video credits, text books, intranet, internet

Museum

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical and Electronic)

Content

Development of bone

Joints

Muscular tissue

Macrophagic system

Cellular immunology

Circulatory system/lymphoid organs

Glands 1 – general classification

Glands 11 endocrine

Glands III exocrine

ANA 207: OSTEOLOGY AND DISSECTION OF THE ABDOMEN AND PELVIS/RADIOGRAPHIC AND LIVING ANATOMY (4 CREDITS). 9 hours of practical and 1 hour of lecture per week.

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe all bones in the human thorax and abdomen.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, Internet

Museum

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical and Electronic

Content

Introduction, shape and frame work of thorax, bones and surface Anatomy; Aperture of thorax

The walls of the thorax; intercostal muscles, nerves and vessels, internal thoracic artery

Cavities of thorax; pleura and nervous systems, vena azygos; phrenic nerves

Lungs, fissures and surface, and bronchopulmonary segments.

Anterior mediastinum; middle mediastinum

Anterior abdominal wall

Inguinal region

Male external genitalia

Abdominal cavity

Peritoneum and its reflections

Positions of abdominal viscera, peritoneal folds, ligaments and recesses.

Abdominal oesophagus and stomach

Spleen and celiac trunk

Small and large Intestine

Duodenum,

Portal vein and pancreas

Liver and gall bladder

Kidneys, suprarenal gland

Ureter; diaphragm

Abdominal aorta

Inferior vena cava and tributaries

Posterior abdominal wall

Pelvic peritoneum and reflections

Urinary bladder

Prostrate gland and seminal vesicle

Rectum, anal canal

Urogenital triangle

Female genital organs

Male genital organs

Perineum

Revision

Video session

Computer program 

Internet session

Anatomy Game/Quiz

Xray and living anatomy of thorax and abdomen

Examination

ANA 208. HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY II (1 CREDIT). 1 lecture per week and self instructional practical in museums and on CDs

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe all structures in the processes of human development in utero to include face, pharynx, heart and circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, Internet

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical on models and Electronic)

Content

Facial swellings lips & palate

Pharyngeal arches pouches

Development of tongue, thyroid gland & parathyroid gland

Formation of heart tube

Formation of cardiac septa

Formation of arterial and venous system

Circulatory changes at birth

Abnormalities of cardiovascular system

Respiratory system formation

Respiratory system abnormalities

Digestive system-foregut

Digestive system-hindgut

ANA 209: GENETICS (1 CREDIT)

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe most important genetic conditions and genetic aetiology.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, Internet

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical and Electronic

Content

Mendel and Mendelism

Multifactorial inheritance

Physical basis of inheritance

Biochemical basis of inheritance

Chromosomal abnormalities

Inheritance patterns in families

-Autosomal dominant

-Autosomal recessive

-X-liked inheritance

-Y linked or holandric inheritance

Haemoglobinopathies

Cytogenetics

Molecular genetics and recombinant DNA

Genetic counseling and gene therapy

CLD 241: CLINICAL DEMONSTRATION TOPICS INTEGRATED WITH CLINICAL ANATOMY (1 CREDIT). 1 demonstration in three weeks of three hours duration

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe some of the diseases mentioned below.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, Internet

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical and Electronic

Content

LECTURES/DEMONSTRATION 

Hernias – inguinal, femoral, epigastric, incisional, lumbar.

Clubfoot, syndactyly, cleft lip/palate

Breast diseases

Long bone fractures

Ascites

Feoto-pelvic disproportion

IUD

Sickle cell/disease

Down’s syndrome

Facial palsy

Cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis

300L MBBS CLASS

First semester

ANA 301: TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF HEAD & NECK WITH CLINICAL ANATOMY (4 CREDITS). 3 lectures and 3 practical per week.

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe all structures in the human head and neck.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, Internet

Museum

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical and Electronic)

Content

General features of the skull and mandible

External surface of the base of skull; calvaria internal surface of the skull, cranial fossae

Hypothesis cerebri

Topography of scalp & face

Muscles, nerve supply & blood supply of face, side of the neck

Anterior triangles of neck

Dural venous sinuses

Thyroid and parathyroid glands

Blood vessels and nerves of the neck (cervical plexus) 

Blood vessels and nerves of the back including sub-occipital triangle

Muscles of the back of the neck

Blood vessels and nerves of the back including sub-occipital triangle

Cervical nerves

Cranial nerves III, IV, VI

Orbit and extra-ocular muscles

Blood vessels and nerves of orbit. 

Cranial nerves VII and VIII

Cranial nerves IV and XI

Cranial nerve X

Cranial Nerve XII

Parotid gland

Temporal and infratemporal fossae

Submandibular region

Mouth, pharynx

Nasal cavity

Paranasal sinuses, larynx

Tongue

Masticator apparatus

Deglutition, eyeball

External & middle ear

Internal ear

Parasympathetic ganglia of head and neck          

Lymphatic drainage of head

Clinical Anatomy

ANA 302: HISTOLOGY & CYTOLOGY (2 CREDIT). 1 lecture and practical per week

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe all structures in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary, reproductive and nervous system.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, internet

problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical and Electronic)

Content

Integumentary system

Gastrointestinal system; buccal cavity.

Salivary glands, tongue

Gastrointestinal system; large intestine, anus

Gastrointestinal system liver, exocrine

Pancreas, gall bladder

Respiratory system

Urinary system

Male reproductive system, testis, epidydimis,

Seminal vesicle, prostate gland, penis

Female reproductive system

Vagina, uterus

Fallopian tube, ovary

Neurohistology I -spinal cord

Neurohistology II -brain

Sensory organs

ANA 303  OSTEOLOGY & DISSECTION OF HEAD & NECK/ RADIOGRAPHIC & SURFACE ANATOMY (4 CREDITS). 1 hour of lecture and 9 hours of practical per week.

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe all bones in head and neck region.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, Internet

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical and Electronic)

Content

Cervical vertebrae, bones of the skull

Interior of the cranium mandible

Scalp temple and face I

Scalp Temple and face II

Side of the neck-posterior triangle

Anterior triangle of neck

Cranial cavity, meninges, venous sinuses, hypophysis cerebri, cranial nerves

Deep dissection of neck including thyroid and parathyroid glands.

Deep dissection of blood vessels & nerves of neck

Paravertebral region

Orbit and lacrymal apparatus

Side of neck/posterior triangle

Anterior triangle of the neck

Parotid, temporal & infratemporal regions

Submandibular region

Mouth, pharynx and soft palate

Nasal cavity/paranasal sinuses

Larynx/tongue/eyeball

External, middle and internal ear

ANA 304. HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY II (1 CREDIT). 1 lecture per week and self instructional practical in museums and on CDs

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe the processes of human development in the urinary, reproductive and nervous systems, ear and eye, and skin.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, Internet

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical and Electronic)

Content

Urinary system

Genital system-formation in males

Genital system- formation in females

Development of ear

Development of eye

Developmet of skin and breast

Introduction to central nervous system development

Development and congenital abnormalities of spinal cord

Development of brain

Congenital malformations of central nervous system

ANA 305: NEUROANATOMY (2 CREDITS). This includes 1 hour of lecture and 3 hours of practical per week.

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe all structures in the human nervous system.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, Internet

Museum

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical and Electronic)

Content

Neuroembryology

Introduction to the central nervous system

Spinal cord-morphology

Spinal cord-tract

Lower medulla-pyramids,

Decussation, tubercles, spinal tract

Upper medulla-olive, 4th ventricle

Pons-basis pontis and middle cerebellar penduncle

Pons-tegmentum

Midbrain-tectum

Midbrain-tegmentum

Cerebellum

Diencephalon-thalamus

Diencephalon- hypothalamus,

Epithalamus, subthalamus

Basal ganglia

Limbic system

Optic tract

Ventricles

Pyramidal system

Blood supply to the brain

Cerebral cortex-cytoarchitectonics, Brodman areas

CLD 341: CLINICAL DEMONSTRATION TOPICS INTEGRATED WITH CLINICAL ANATOMY (1 CREDIT). 1 demonstration in three weeks of three hours duration

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe all structures relating to clinical topics listed below.

Teaching & Learning Methods

Lectures, Tutorials, seminars, CD-ROMs, Audios and video units, text books, intranet, internet

Museum

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical and Electronic)

Content

Goitre

Parkinsonism

CVA

Ascites

Bleeding diathesis

Sickle cell disease 

Down’s syndrome

Myasthenia gravis

Facial palsy

Cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis

List of staff

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

COURSES

200 Level

300 Level

OVERVIEW

The Department of Biochemistry teaches students in programs in medicine, pharmacy, medical laboratory science and also regular BSc Biochemistry students. It is one of the most well staffed departments in the University, boasting of 4 professors. It also has an expensive research laboratory which was established by the Japanese International Cooperation Agency.

The curriculum will be presented as lectures, tutorials, seminars and laboratory/practical sessions both as large and small groups. The lectures will be used to provide an overview of topics especially new and modern concepts and provide basic science correlation.

Regular reading assignments and group discussions will be encouraged.

The introduction to Clinical Biochemistry will feature series of clinical case presentations involving patients and/or standardised patients in an attempt to bring in basic science/clinical science correlation along with other basic science departments.

OBJECTIVES

1.     To introduce students to the diverse area of Biochemistry and reinforce the principles of basic sciences in modern day medical practice and research.

2.     Provide opportunity for participation in Biochemistry research projects. This may be in the form of research experience rather than complete research training.

3.     Promote independent learning skills early in their medical training.

4.     Provide an early and healthy environment where faculty role models stimulate students to pursue academic careers in Biochemistry.

5.     To provide experience where basic science and clinical science interrelate.

TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS

-    Use of transparencies, projection slides, power point and as contained in the detailed departmental syllabus/lecture outlines.

-    Optional reference text books

-    Use of external examiners, Clinicians and others as Guest lecturers.

EVALUATION

Evaluation shall be by written and oral examinations, during the course of the programme as part of continuous assessment and the final examination as the 2^nd MBBS prescribed by the Faculty. Attendance is also to be taken into consideration.

200 LEVEL CLASS

BCH 211 -INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY (4 CREDITS)

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe acid base chemistry and the chemistry of human nutrients.

Teaching & Learning Methods:

Lectures, tutorials

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical)

Content

-Acid-base chemistry, chemical kinetics

and orders of reactions, organic reactions.

-Chemistry of amino acids and proteins

-Chemistry of carbohydrates

- Chemistry of lipids

-Chemistry and biological functions of nucleic acids

-Enzymes and biocatalysis including coenzymes

-Structure and properties of biological membranes including nature and thermodynamics of transmembrane transport of substances.

BCH 212 INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM (6 CREDITS)

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe aspects of intermediary metabolism such as thermodynamics, liver, nitrogen, nucleic acid and protein metabolism.

Teaching & Learning Methods:

Lectures, tutorials

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical)

Content

Thermodynamics, bioenergetics and biochemical oxidation.

Muscle biochemistry including functional Specialization of cell structure and metabolism; Intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates

Liver biochemistry including functional specialization of cell structure; nitrogen metabolism; lipid metabolism.

Metabolism of nucleic acids.

Biosynthesis of proteins.

BCH 213: EXPERIMENTAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2 CREDITS)

Practical biochemistry

Second semester

BCH 214: INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM II (3 CREDITS)

At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe aspects of intermediary metabolism such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids and protein, to include genetic engineering and biochemical genetics.

Teaching & Learning Methods:

Lectures, tutorials

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical)

Content

Bone and connective tissue biochemistry.

Blood biochemistry including haem biosynthesis and catabolism, blood clotting; functions of haemoglobin.

Gastrointestinal tract including nature and mechanism of secretion.

Catabolic pathways including xenobiotics and forensic biochemistry.

Biochemical genetics, inborn errors of metabolism; Genetic engineering.

BCH 215:  EXPERIMENTAL BIOCHEMISTRY II (4 CREDITS)

CLD 241:  CLINICAL DEMONSTRATIONS (1 CREDIT).

This will include clinical topics and will be performed in collaboration with other basic science departments and the relevant clinical departments.

CLINICAL DEMONSTRATION TOPICS

1.     Hernias - inguinal, femoral, epigastric, incisional, lumbar,

2.     Clubfoot, syndactyly,cleft lip/palate

3.     Goitre

4.     Breast diseases

5.     Long bone fractures

6.     Parkinsonism

7.     Cerebrovascular accident

8.     Ascites

9.     Bleeding diathesis

10.  Foetopelvic disproportion

11.  Intrauterine death

12.  Multiple pregnancy

13.  Sickle Cell Disease

14.  Downs syndrome.

15    Myasthenia gravis

300 LEVEL CLASS

BCH 311: BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE WHOLE ORGANISM (4 CREDITS)

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe blood, hormones, forensic and nutritional biochemistry to include advanced genetic engineering.

Teaching & Learning Methods:

Lectures, tutorials

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical)

Content

Blood Biochemistry including haem.

Biosynthesis and catabolism, blood, clotting, functions of

haemoglobin

Catabolic pathways including xenobiotics and 

Forensic biochemistry.

Hormones and metabolic control

Nutritional biochemistry

Neurochemistry

Immunochemistry

Biochemical genetics, inborn errors of metabolism;

Genetic engineering

Antimetabolites

Introduction to basic research methodology in biochemistry

Introduction to basic computer in biochemistry

Ethics in biochemistry

BCH 312:  EXPERIMENTAL BIOCHEMISTRY (4 CREDITS)

Practical biochemistry

CLD 324: CLINICAL DEMONSTRATION (1 CREDIT)

Goitre

Parkinsonism

CVA

Ascites

Bleeding diathesis

Sickle cell disease

Down’s syndrome

Myasthenia gravis

Facial palsy

Cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis

List of Staff

DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

COURSES

200 Level

300 Level

OVERVIEW

Physiology deals with normal functions in the human body. It correlates anatomical structure and biochemistry with specific functions and constitutes the basis upon which pharmacology and pathology are founded.

Some of the most valuable contributions to medicine and the medical sciences have been the outcome of laboratory studies in physiology. The role physiology plays in throwing light upon disorders of function gives the student of medicine as well as the practitioner a vantage point from which to gain a rational view of pathological processes; hence physiology is the basis upon which scientific medicine is practiced. Medical Physiology now has applications, which reach beyond the direct realms of medicine.

There is now the discipline of biomedical engineering, which has its foundations and raison d’être in the applied physiology.

OBJECTIVES

            The course is designed to give an introduction to the physiological principles governing normal function of the human body and to indicate the objectives of this study. Thus, the factors, which determines the organization and integrative action of the system of the body will be analyzed and discussed. The objectives of the course are to;

1.     Indicates the core of physiological knowledge upon which medical practice is based.

2.     Indicate the experimental basis of this knowledge

3.     Relate basic knowledge to an understanding of common abnormalities;

4.     Use this basic knowledge to explain common pathological disturbances, especially failure of certain functions

5.     Use the description of these disturbances to reinforce basic knowledge

6.     Encourage the students to think of disease in terms of disturbance of function

TEACHING & LEARNING METHODS

Methods of teaching include lectures, some given via computer network using power point. Also practical and tutorials, to include seminars.

EVALUATION

Evaluation involves the use of multiple choice questions (MCQ) with the true-false items method.

200 LEVEL CLASS

First semester

MPY 221: INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY (1 CREDIT)

Course objective:

 

At the end of the course the student should be able to list and summarize functional organization of the human body.

Teaching & Learning Methods:

Lectures, tutorials

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical)

Content

Description and functional organization of the human body

-          cells as units of the body

-          internal environment

-          homeostatic mechanisms of the systems

-          regulatory systems of the body

The cells and its functions;

-          organization of the cells(structural)

-          functional systems of the cell

Transport mechanism across the cell membrane

-          Diffusion

-          Active transport

-          Specialized transport phenomenon

Cell genetics

-          protein synthesis

-          cell differentiation

-          cell reproduction

MPY 222 BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS (2 CREDITS)

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe functions of blood and body fluids.

Teaching & Learning Methods:

Lectures, tutorials

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical)

Content

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Erythropoeisis

Destruction of RBC

-          Anaemia

-          Polycythaemias

White Blood Cells (leukocytes)

-          General  characteristics of  leukocytes

-          WBC production

-          Properties of WBC

-          The reticuloendothelial system

-          Inflammation and functions of WBC

-          Leukaemias

Immunity and allergy

-          Classification of immunity

-          Description of the process of immunity and allergy

-          Antigens/antibodies

-          The lymphoid tissues in immunity

-          Hypersensitivity reactions

-          Interferon

-          Allergies in the normal and the allergic

Blood grouping systems

-          Antigenicity and immune reactions of blood

-          ABO blood groups

-          Rhesus blood groups

-          Other blood factors

-          Transfusion including transfusion reactions

-          Introduction to tissue and organ transplantation

Haemostasis  and  blood coagulation

            Events in haemostasis

-          Mechanism of blood coagulation

-          Conversion prothrombin to thrombin

-          Conditions that cause excessive bleeding in humans

-          Thromboembolic conditions

-          Blood coagulation tests

Body Fluids

Capillary dynamics and fluid exchange between the blood and Interstitial fluid

-          Blood flow in capillaries

-          Exchange of nutrients and other substances across the barriers

-          Distribution of fluid volumes

The lymphatic system and interstitial fluid dynamics;

            The lymphatic system

-          Control of interstitial fluid protein concentration

-          Mechanism of oedema formation

The special fluid system of the body

            CSF

            -Intra-ocular fluid

-Fluid circulation in other spaces e.g. pleural cavity

Pericardial cavity, peritoneal cavity, synovial cavities etc

Osmotic equilibrium between ECF and ICF

-Total body water

-Body fluid compartments

-Measurements of body fluid volumes

-Constituents of ECF and ICF

Osmotic equilibrium and fluid shifts

Volume and osmolality changes in ECF and ICF

Physiological solutions-clinical uses/replacement

MPY 223: EXCITABLE TISSUES  (1 CREDIT)

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe functions of excitable tissues such as nerves, muscles and excitable membranes.

Teaching & Learning Methods:

Lectures, tutorials

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical)

Content

Excitable membranes and neuromuscular events

Genesis and conduction of action potentials

-          Nerves

-          Muscles

Synapses and transmitters

Synaptic excitation and inhibition

Reflexology

Sensory receptors

MPY 224: CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS (2 CREDIT)

Course objective:
At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe the functions of the heart, circulatory and respiratory system.

Teaching & Learning Methods:

Lectures, tutorials

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical)

Content

The heart as a pump;

-Physiology of cardiac muscles

-The cardiac cycle

Regulation of cardiac function

Rhythmic excitation of the heart;

-The special excitability and conductive system of the heart

-Control of excitation and conduction system of the heart

Abnormal rhythms of the heart.

The Normal electrocardiogram;

-Characteristics of the normal ECG

-Methods of recording ECG

-Flow of current around the Heart

Electrocardiogram leads

Electrocardiographic interpretation in cardiac myopathies

-Principles of vectorial analyses of ECG

-Vectorial analysis in the normal ECG

The mean electrical axis of the ventricle

-Conditions that cause abnormal voltage of the QRS complex

-Current of injury

Electrocardiographic interpretation of cardiac arrhythmias

-Abnormal sinus rhythms

-Abnormal rhythms originating from impaired impulse transmission

-Premature beats

-Abnormal  rhythms due to circus movements

Physical principles of blood;

-The circulatory system as a “circuit”

-The physical characteristics of blood

-Interrelationships between pressure, flow and resistance

-Vascular distensibility (pressure – volume curves)

-Circulatory filling pressure/pressure volume changes of the entire circulatory system

-Stress relaxation of vessels

The Systemic circulation

            -Physical characteristics of the systemic circulation

            -Pressure pulse in the arteries

            -The arterioles and capillaries

            -Vein and their functions

Local control of Blood flow (nerves and humoral regulation)

            -Local control at tissue level

            -Long-term local blood flow regulation

            -Nerves regulation of the circulation

            -Humoral regulation of the circulation

Regulation of mean arterial pressure

            -Normal arterial pressure

            -Relationship of arterial pressure to cardiac output and TPR

            -General arterial pressure regulation

            -Nervous mechanisms for rapid arterial pressure control

            -Hormonal mechanisms for rapid arterial pressure control

            -Intermediate mechanisms for arterial pressure regulation

            -Short-term to long-term mechanisms of pressure control

            -Renal mechanisms for arterial pressure  control

            -Hypertension (types, causes, mechanisms)

Cardiac output and venous return.

            -Regulation of cardiac output

            -Cardiac output in abnormal conditions

            -Methods of measuring cardiac output

The pulmonary circulation

            -Physiologic anatomy of the pulmonary circulatory system

            -Pressures in the pulmonary system

            -Blood flow through the lung

            -Capillary dynamics in the lungs

The coronary circulation

            -Normal coronary blood flow

            -Control of coronary blood flow

            -Pathophysiology of ischaemic heart disease

Cardiac failure

            -Dynamics of circulation in cardiac failure

            -High output cardiac failure

            -Cardiogenic shock

            -Mechanism of oedema in cardiac failure

            -Physiological classification of cardiac failure

Heart sounds

            -Normal heart sounds

            -Principles of auscultation

            -Phonocardiogram

            -Abnormalities of heart sounds

Circulatory shock (physiology and management)

            -Physiological causes of shock

            -Haemorrhagic shock

            -Neurogenic shock

            -Anaphylactic shock

            -Septic shock

            -Traumatic shock

            -Effects of shock

            -Physiology of circulatory arrest

Muscle blood flow/ other specific sites

            -Regulation of blood flow through skeletal muscle

            -Cerebral circulation

            -Splanchnic circulation

            -Circulation in the skin

            -Physiology of vascular diseases of the limbs

Pulmonary ventilation

-Mechanism of respiration

-Pulmonary volumes and capacities

The minute respiratory volume-RR,TV

--Alveolar ventilation

-Functions of respiratory system

-Artificial respiration

Physical principles of gaseous exchange

-The physics of gases

-Composition of alveolar air

-Diffusion of gases through respiratory membrane

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and body fluids

--Pressure differences of oxygen and CO₂ from the lungs to the tissues

-Transport of oxygen in the blood

-Transport of CO₂ in the blood

-The respiratory exchange ratios

Regulation of respiration

-The respiratory centre

-Humoral regulation of respiration

-          Basic mechanism of humoral stimulation of the respiratory centre

-          The chemoreceptor system for control of respiration

-          Regulation of respiration during exercise

-          Abnormalities of respiratory control

Respiratory insufficiency

-Methods for studying-respiratory disorders

-Physiologic types of respiratory insufficiency

-Physiologic peculiarities of specific pulmonary disorders

-Hypoxia

Hypercapnia

-Oxygen therapy

-Entrapped air/its absorption

MPY 225:  EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY (1 CREDIT)

Second semester

MPY 226:  THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (1 CREDIT)

Course objective:

 

At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe gastrointestinal functions.